Refill containers and standards. Refueling tanks and standards Main components and assemblies of a gas car 53

Car GAZ-66 (Fig. 1)— a two-axle truck, with a load capacity of 2 tons, all-terrain, with drive on both axles.
It is intended to replace the same type of car GA3-63 produced by the plant.

Rice. 1. Car GA3-66
The GAZ-66 car has modifications:
GAZ-66-01— a car with a tire pressure regulation system;
GAZ-66-02— a car with a winch and a tire pressure regulation system;
GA3-66-04— a car with a tire pressure regulation system and shielded electrical equipment;
GA3-66-05— a vehicle with a winch, a tire pressure control system and shielded electrical equipment.
When creating the GAZ-66 car, special attention was paid to obtaining high cross-country ability and driving stability.
To obtain a rational load distribution along the axles on the GA3-66 vehicle, the cabin is located above the engine.

Car GA3-5ZA (Fig. 2) with a load capacity of 4 tons with rear axle drive, designed for the transportation of various economic goods on all types of roads.

Rice. 2. Car GAZ-53A
The main components of cars (engine, clutch, gearbox, brakes, etc.), electrical equipment units, normal parts, etc. unified.
The latest technical achievements of the automotive industry for the period of the 1970s have been implemented in car designs - a number of new solutions have been adopted that provide driver comfort, increased reliability, durability, and performance indicators. reducing the labor intensity of maintenance.

Vehicle Specifications

		GAZ-53A	GAZ-66
Load capacity, kg		4000	2000
Maximum weight of towed trailer with cargo, kg		4000	2000
Vehicle weight in running order (without additional equipment), kg		3250	Z440*
Overall dimensions of the car, mm	length	6395	5655
	width	2380	2342
	height (cabin without load)	2220	2440
	height (on the awning without load)	-	2520
Vehicle base, mm		3700	3300
Front wheel track (on ground), mm		1630	1800
Rear wheel track, mm		1690	1750
Lowest points of the car (with full load), mm	drive axle housing	265	310
	front axle	347	-
Turning radius along the track of the outer front wheel, m		8	9,5
Maximum speed of a fully loaded vehicle without a trailer (on a horizontal section of road with improved surface), km/h		80 - 86	90 - 95
Control fuel consumption when measured in the summer for a run-in car moving with a full load in fourth gear at a constant speed of 30 - 40 km/h on a dry, flat road with an improved surface and short inclines not exceeding 1.5% (1°), l/100 km		24	24
Depth of fording on hard bottom, m		-	0,8

* The weight of the car equipped with a winch is 3640 kg.

Engine

Number of cylinders and their location.			8, V-shaped
Cylinder diameter, mm			92
Piston stroke, mm			80
Cylinder displacement, l			4,25
Compression Ratio (Average)			6,7
Maximum power (limited by regulator) at 3200 rpm, hp			115
Maximum torque at 2200-2500 rpm, kgm			29
Cylinder operating order			1-5-4-2-6-3-8
Cylinder block			Cast from an aluminum alloy integral with the upper part of the crankcase, equipped with wet, easily removable liners, which in the upper part have an insert made of anti-corrosion cast iron
Cylinder heads			Removable aluminum alloy, common to four cylinders of each row
Pistons			Aluminum alloy, tin plated, flat bottom
Piston rings			Cast iron, two compression into one oil scraper; The upper compression ring is chrome-plated, the rest are tin-plated
Piston pins			Floating type, steel, hollow
Connecting rods			Steel, forged, I-section, with a bushing in the upper head and steel liners, with an anti-friction layer in the lower
Crankshaft			Cast from high-strength cast iron, four-jointed. There are dirt traps in the connecting rod journals
Main bearings			Thin-walled, tri-metal liners, identical for each of the five supports
Camshaft			Steel, forged, on five supports, equipped with rolled bushings with an anti-friction layer
Camshaft drive			Pair of helical gears
Valves			They are located in the cylinder head in a row. Exhaust valves are sodium cooled
Valve drive			Pushers, rods and rocker arms
Valve timing leniya (with a gap between the valves in the rocker arms of 0.35 mm)	intake valves;	opening	24° to E.M.T
		closing	64° after N.M.T
	exhaust valves;	opening	50° to N.M.T
		closing	22° after V.M.T
Inlet and outlet pipes			The inlet pipeline is cast from an aluminum alloy with liquid heating of the mixture; exhaust pipelines (right and left) - cast iron
Lubrication system			Combined: pressure and spray
Oil pump			Gear type, two-section. From the upper section oil is supplied to lubricate the engine, the lower section supplies oil to the centrifugal oil filter
Oil filter			Centrifugal
Crankcase ventilation			Open type
Engine cooling			Liquid, forced, with a centrifugal pump. The cooling system has a thermostat installed in the exhaust pipe
Fan			Six-blade, driven by a V-belt from the crankshaft
Fuel pump			Diaphragm, with additional manual drive
Fuel filter			Ceramic or mesh
Carburetor			K-126B, two-chamber, balanced, with falling flow
Speed ​​limiter			Pneumatic centrifugal type
Air filter			Inertia-oil with contact filter element

Transmission and chassis

		GAZ-53A	GAZ-66
Clutch		Single disc, dry
Transmission		Three-way, with synchronizers in third and fourth gears
Gear ratios:	first gear	6,48
	second gear	3,09
	third gear	1,71
	fourth gear	1,0
	reverse	7,9
Transfer case		There are two gears: direct and reduction with a gear ratio of 1.982
Cardan transmission		Open type, has cardan shafts with carbon bearings
		Has two shafts and three cardans with an intermediate support	Has three shafts and six cardans
Main gear of drive axles		Conical, hypoid type, gear ratio 6.83
Differential		Gear, bevel	Cam, limited friction
Pivot axles		Flanged, pivot	Have cardans of equal angular velocities
Tires		Low pressure 8.25 - 20 or type P	Ultra-low pressure 12.00 - 18
Front wheel alignment angles:	camber angle	1°	0°45´
	lateral inclination angle	8°	9°
	angle of inclination of the lower end of the king pin forward	2°30´	3°30´
	wheel alignment	1.5 - 3 mm	2 - 5 mm
Springs		Four longitudinal semi-ethylite, ends embedded in rubber supports
		The rear suspension has additional springs	-
Shock absorbers		Hydraulic, telescopic double acting
		Installed on the front axle	Installed on both axles

Steering and brakes

	GAZ-53A	GAZ-66
Steering gear type	Globoidal worm with three-ridge roller
Gear ratio	20.5 (average)
Power steering	Hydraulic
Longitudinal steering rod	Tubular. The rod connections with the steering bipod and the steering axle lever have ball pins and springs, the tightening of which is regulated
Tie rod	Tubular, connected to the levers via hinges of a non-adjustable design	Rod, connected to the steering axle levers via ball pins
Foot brakes	Chocks for four wheels
Foot brake drive	Hydraulic with hydraulic vacuum booster
Hand brake	Central, drum type
	On the driven shaft of the gearbox	On the driven shaft of the transfer case

Electrical equipment, cab, platform and additional equipment

		GAZ-53A	GAZ-66
Wiring system		Single-wire with connection of the negative terminal to ground
Mains voltage, V		12
Generator		G130-G, power 350 W	G130-V or G130-E, power 350 W
Relay regulator		PP130	PP130 or PP111
Accumulator battery		6-ST-68-EM
Starter		ST130B with remote activation
Ignition coil		B13	B13 or B5-A with additional resistance SE102
Breaker-distributor		Р13-В	P13-B or P105
Spark plug		A11-U	A11-U or A15-B
Cabin		Metal, double, two-door. The cabin is equipped with a heater, two windshield wipers, a glass washer, sun visors, soft seats, and floor mats. There is a removable hanging bed
Platform		Wooden with metal frame. Folding sides - rear and both sides	Metal. It has three longitudinal benches and a soft, removable awning. Rear tailgate
Platform dimensions, mm	length	3740	3330
	width	2170	2050
	board height	680	890
Winch		-	Maximum force on the cable is 3500 kg. Cable length 50m. Drive by cardan shafts from the power take-off
Power take-off		-	Has two gears: for winding and unwinding the cable
Compressor		-	Single cylinder air cooled

ADJUSTMENT DATA

		GAZ-53A	GAZ-66
Gap between rocker arms and valves on a cold engine (temperature 15 - 20°C), mm It is allowed to set a gap at the outer valves of both rows (intake of the first and eighth, exhaust of the fourth and fifth cylinders), mm		0, 25 - 0,30
Gaps between spark plug electrodes, mm		0,8 - 0,9
Breaker gaps, mm		0,3 - 0,4
Clutch pedal free play, mm		32 - 42	35 - 45
Free travel of brake pedal, mm		8 - 13
Tire pressure, kgf/m²	front wheels	2,8*	2.8
	rear wheels	4,3*	2,8

* When installing type P tires, the pressure in them should be: on the front wheels 5 kgf/m² and on the rear wheels - 6 kgf/m²

Refill containers and standards

		GAZ-53A	GAZ-66
Fuel tanks (capacity), l		90	210**
Engine cooling system, l	with starting heater	23
	without starting heater	21,5
Engine lubrication system (including centrifugal filter), l		8
Air filter, l		0,55
Gearbox housing, l		3,0
Gearbox housing with power take-off, l		-	4,2
Transfer case housing, l		-	1,5
Rear axle housing, l		8,2	6,4
Front axle housing, l		-	7,7
Steering gear housing, l		0,5
Shock absorbers (each separately), l		0,41
Winch gear housing, l		-	0,8
Power steering, l		-	1,8
Front wheel hubs (each separately), kg		-	0,25
Front axle pivot pins, kg		-	1,0
Foot brake hydraulic drive system, l		-	0,75

In the 60s of the last century, the plant, today called GAZ Group, began producing medium-duty trucks. New power units, transmission mechanisms, cabin and body, and controls were installed on the trucks. Models of the 52, 53, 66 series formed a line of universal trucks, which, in the interests of the national economy, provided transportation in industry, for agricultural and construction needs.

The car was the most popular truck of the Union republics. There were 4 million conventional, dump truck and specialized vehicles operating on the country's roads. In 1961-1967 GAZ-53F was produced. Six-cylinder 82 liters. With. The GAZ-11 engine with a four-speed gearbox ensured the transportation of 3,500 kg of cargo, consuming 24 liters of low-octane gasoline for a run of 100 km. By the planned release time of the model, the V-shaped eight-cylinder power unit was not in production. For the 53F, the six-cylinder GAZ-11 was boosted, increasing the compression of the mixture. There was no ready-made hypoid rear axle, so they installed a mechanism with bevel gears from the 51A model (the car is shown in the photo). Objectively, in terms of its technical characteristics, the GAZ-53F car was a transitional model between the 51A series (with a load of 2,500 kg) and the SAZ-53B series (with a load capacity of a ton more), which was achieved by an increased base to 3.7 m and new tires 8 ,25-20, mounted on steel disks. The car was used not only as a dump truck, but also a sewage truck, fuel trucks and milk tankers were common. The GAZ-53 was not a complete design; due to frequent failures of parts and mechanisms, it was not popular among drivers and repair workers of motor transport enterprises. The truck with a clearly weak engine and an unreliable axle was produced until 1967. From 1964 to 1983, models of the 53 and 53A series with a cargo load of 3,500 and 4,000 kg hit the roads. More powerful power unit ZMZ-53 with 115 hp. With. ensured an increase in the speed parameter to 85 km/h with gasoline consumption of 25 liters per 100 km.

List of modifications

• GAZ-53F - flatbed version or chassis with an 82-horsepower unit and rear axle from the GAZ 51;
• GAZ 53 – basic modification with ZMZ 53 engine;
• GAZ 53A - an improved variation of a flatbed truck with increased carrying capacity;
• GAZ 53B – dump truck;
• GAZ 53N - military version of the GAZ 53A with a pre-heater, additional equipment and a second fuel tank of 100 l;
• GAZ 53-02 – chassis for a dump truck;
• GAZ 53-05 – truck tractor (produced in small quantities);
• GAZ 53-40 - an extended version of the GAZ 53A with tails. Used as the basis for KAVZ 685 buses and special bodies;
• GAZ 53-50 – export version for tropical zones;
• GAZ 53-70 – export version for temperate zones;
• GAZ 53-12 - a modernized basic version with a load capacity of 4.5 tons and a 120-horsepower ZMZ 511 unit;
• GAZ 53-19 – a hybrid modification running on liquefied gas;
• GAZ 53-27 is a hybrid variation that runs on compressed natural gas.

There were also several special versions:

• MPR 9924 – mobile repair workshop;
• AL 18 (52-01)-L2 is a ladder truck, the production of which was carried out at the Torzhok plant. The vehicle was used to transport personnel (2 people), extinguish fires, and perform rescue operations.

Differences between the 53A line and the 53

The car models have the following differences: reinforced front axle; new cardan design; more reliable steering gear design; new radiator grille; turn signals are duplicated by repeaters on the wings of the cabin; the presence of electric windshield wipers; cabin heating. In 1973, model 53A was awarded the USSR State Quality Mark. Expanding the functionality of the vehicle, the production of chassis 53 01 for covered bodies and special equipment was launched. Chassis 53 02 was a platform for the use of a dump truck body and was equipped with a power removal device for a hydraulic pump. Trucks of models 53 50 and 53 70 were exported. The vehicles were readily purchased in Belgium, Finland, and in socialist countries. In Bulgaria and Cuba, trucks were assembled from kits supplied from GAZ.

Model 53 12 was produced from 1983 to 1992, as a further development of the 53rd line. The truck was equipped with an eight-cylinder ZMZ-511 engine. Power parameter is 120 hp. With. made it possible to increase the load to 4.5 tons, and the speed indicator to 90 km/h. Gasoline consumption increased to 30 liters, but provision was made for installing equipment for refueling with liquefied or compressed gas.

Specifications

• Engine: ZMZ-53, 115 l. s./3 200 rpm,
• V8, 4-stroke, carbureted, 4,254 cc. cm Bore/Stroke: 92/80 mm
• Gearbox: 4 forward + 1 reverse
• Length: 6,395 mm,
• width: 2,280 mm,
• height: 2,190 mm
• Base: 3,700 mm,
• ground clearance: 265 mm
• Curb weight: 3,200 kg
• Load capacity: 4,500 kg
• Tire size: 8.25-20 inches
• Fuel tank capacity: 90 l
• Maximum speed with full load on the highway: 90 km/h
• Control fuel consumption at a speed of 40 km/h: 24 l/100 km

Having looked at photographs of other cars of the late 50s/early 60s, we can rightfully say that for its time the appearance of the cabin and its interior of the GAZ-53 looked very progressive. A one-piece lining of the radiator grille was made, into which the headlights and sidelights were organically integrated. The driver and passenger seats, according to the canons of those years, were a single “sofa”. However, the ergonomics of the workplace were thought out better than in the GAZ-51.

According to its class, GAZ-53 belongs to the family of universal medium-duty multi-purpose trucks. The GAZ-53 truck has a frame structure and the wheels are driven to the rear axle.

dimensions

• length – 6395 mm;
• width – 2280 mm;
• height – 2190 mm;
• ground clearance - 265 mm;
• wheelbase – 3700 mm;
• front track – 1630 mm.

Engine

The engine on the GAZ-53 (ZMZ-53) truck is a V-shaped, eight-cylinder (two rows of four cylinders), carburetor type, operating on a four-stroke cycle.

The working volume of the internal combustion engine cylinders of the GAZ-53 car is 4.25 liters (with a cylinder cross-sectional size of 92 mm and piston strokes of 80 mm). Technical specifications for power 115 hp. With. The GAZ-53 engine is started using a starter. The nominal crankshaft revolutions per minute are 3,200. The mixture compression ratio is 6.7.

Systems and mechanisms

The cylinder block is made of casting from Al-4 alloy, after casting it is sealed by heat treatment and impregnation with synthetic resin. This is a monoblock V-shaped design with an angle along the cylinder axes of 90 degrees.

The cavities of the block and cast iron liners for the pistons form the water cooling jacket of the engine. The possibility of repair replacement of sleeves is provided (5 groups with letter designations). The clutch housing is secured to the end of the block with threaded rods.

The piston group is cast from Al-30 aluminum alloy. The piston is round in shape with a flat bottom; three grooves are cut into its body for oil scraper and compression rings.

Pistons are divided into 5 repair groups according to their own diameter (letter marking) and into 4 groups according to the diameter of the piston pin hole (color marking). The block heads are made of Al-4 alloy. Valve seats are made of cast iron, guide bushings are made of copper-graphite ceramics. The block and cylinder heads are connected by threaded rods through gaskets made of asbestos board reinforced with steel. The crankshaft is cast from cast iron, with connecting rod journals, bearings and counterweights formed on it. The shaft undergoes dynamic and static balancing. Axial movement of the crankshaft is eliminated by two washers installed on either side of the first journal support. It is sealed in the block with oil-sinking grooves, oil seals and asbestos packing. The gas distribution mechanism with overhead valve installation ensures the intake of the working mixture into the cylinders and the exhaust of exhaust gas. The device consists of: camshafts and gears, pushers, rocker arms, rods, valves, guide bushings and springs. The camshaft is forged from steel. It has five bearing journals, cams, a gear drive for an oil pump and an ignition distributor. The power system includes: a 90-liter gas tank, pipelines, a mechanically driven diaphragm pump, fuel filtering devices and a two-chamber K-126 carburetor - a device for preparing a fuel-air mixture. The lubrication system supplies oil to the rubbing parts under pressure and gravity. Gear oil pump driven by a camshaft, full-flow oil filter, serviceable. The air preparation filter is serviceable, inertial, with sedimentation of polluting particles in an oil bath. Cooling system with water pump, closed type, liquid. It consists of a water jacket of the cylinder block, radiator, pump, thermostat, shutters, fan, fan casing, radiator cap and connecting hoses. Capacity – 22 liters. Contact ignition system.

Electrical equipment

The GAZ-53 truck uses a single-wire wiring system with a connection between the negative terminal and ground.

The mains voltage is 6 Volts.

The brand of the “native” battery is “6-ST-68-EM”.

Generator brand, power 350 W – “G130-G”;

relay-regulator - “PP130”.

The electrical equipment system of the GAZ-53 truck also includes

• ignition coil “B13”, with additional resistance;
• breaker-distributor “P13-V”;
• single-cylinder air-cooled compressor;
• electric starter "ST130-B" with remote activation.

Cabin

“A comfortable 2-seater closed cab, convenient location of controls and instruments, good visibility, reliable brakes, and the presence of powerful lights ensure ease of driving and safety at high speeds at any time of the day,” this is how the GAZ-53 information report described album "VneshTorgIzdata" in 1968. Well, as they say, what to compare with. From the perspective of our time, the cabin of the GAZ-53 is more than ascetic and spartan.

However, compared to the same GAZ-51, which did not have synchronizers in the gearbox, the clutch had to be depressed 2-3 times before engaging, and the cabin was cramped and poorly heated, the 53rd was simply the pinnacle of comfort! The two-seater shared sofa seat, covered in faux leather, could easily accommodate three people if desired. The only point: the one who got the seat in the middle could interfere a little with the driver by touching the gearshift lever with his feet. There was also ample space in the cabin for the “creativity” of tuning enthusiasts: Soviet-era drivers decorated their GAZ-53 cabs as best they could. There were also craftsmen who made homemade insulation and soundproofing of the cabin: they filled it with foam plastic, lined it with felt, achieving amazing silence and comfort in their workplace.

Features of operation

The car series has the following disadvantages:

• short service life of the clutch and braking system;
• significant fuel consumption;

unreliable:

1. connecting parts of the cardan transmission,
2. distributor and ignition coil variator;
3. engine rear main bearing oil seal leaking.

The 53 Series medium-duty truck has proven to be a technically simple, reliable vehicle that is easy to drive. Durable cars with a discreet design can still be found on rural roads in the regions.

When replacing oil and filter elements within the scheduled time frame, the engine life before overhaul can exceed 400 thousand km.

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Maintainability

Created in the early 60s, the GAZ-53 truck became the most popular medium-duty vehicle in the USSR. The vehicle was used in agriculture, the army, and as a chassis for buses and fire engines. Many grandiose construction projects during the Soviet Union could not be completed without the help of a maneuverable and easy-to-use “lawn”.

The brainchild of the famous GAZ, not without grace on the one hand and aggressiveness on the other, was liked by everyone, immediately and unconditionally. This machine still works like a bee for the benefit of both the individual citizen and the country as a whole.

History of creation

The creation of a new generation of trucks at the GAZ plant began in the second half of the 50s. The project envisaged the creation of a family of vehicles with a carrying capacity of 1.5 to 2.5 tons, unified in a number of components and assemblies. The main option was to be the GAZ-52, intended to replace the 51st model.

Initially, it was planned to use an old 6-cylinder in-line engine for the truck, equipped with a prechamber cylinder head.

At the same time, search work was carried out to create a V-shaped 6-cylinder internal combustion engine, which had a volume of 3.75 liters and an estimated power of 110 hp. But problems that arose in the design did not allow the motor to be brought to the assembly line.

The way out of this situation was the proposal to use a derated version of the engine from the Chaika passenger car.

An increase in engine power made it possible to increase the calculated load capacity to 4 tons, which required the creation of a new frame and suspension elements.

The prototype received the intermediate designation GAZ-52A, which soon changed to the now familiar name GAZ-53.

However, the development of the new engine was delayed, and the plant had an obligation to begin production of the new model no later than the beginning of the XXII Congress of the CPSU. This circumstance became the reason for the appearance of a transitional version of the GAZ-53F, which was equipped with units from the old model and a lower valve engine.

The production of pure 53rd model trucks began only in 1964. The car lasted on the assembly line until 1993 and went through several upgrades.

Engine

The first version of the truck, designated 53F, used a low-valve 82-horsepower liquid-cooled engine with a prechamber power system. The engine was equipped with an original K-84MI two-chamber carburetor. The engine remained in the series until 1964, and was gradually replaced by the new V-shaped “eight” ZMZ-53.

A new version of the engine with a power of 115 hp began to be used in the summer of 1964.

When the model index changed to the GAZ-53A, which occurred in the summer of 1965, the engine did not undergo any changes.

The engine remained on the assembly line without major changes until 1979, when a new gas distribution plate and camshaft were introduced. The measures made it possible to increase output to 120 hp.

The next engine modernization took place in 1983 and was timed to coincide with the start of production of the next version of the base truck - GAZ-53-12. The new version of the engine received channels for supplying the fuel-air mixture with screw swirlers on the walls and an increased compression ratio. The measures made it possible to slightly reduce fuel consumption and maintain the power of 120 horsepower.

The latest releases of the GAZ-53-12 truck were equipped with a 125-horsepower ZMZ-511.10 engine, which had upgraded camshafts and a compression ratio increased to 7.6.

In addition to gasoline options, cars of the 53rd family were equipped with 8-cylinder units designed to run on compressed or liquefied gas. The motors had a power of 100…105 hp. and were distinguished by a modified power system.

Transmission

GAZ-53 trucks were equipped with a single type of gearbox - a four-speed manual. On cars produced before 1983, synchronizers were used in the two highest gears. They were subsequently abandoned due to frequent failures and breakdowns.

To complete the dump truck chassis for GAZ-SAZ-53B vehicles, a special gearbox with rounded third gear teeth was used. The shape of the tooth ensured shock-free activation of the power take-off.

Early trucks used a mechanically driven dry clutch borrowed from the GAZ-51, but with an increased disc diameter and a built-in torsional vibration damper.

The clutch was strengthened to handle increased engine power in 1977 and 1983.

On all cars of the 53rd family, a driveshaft was installed between the gearbox and the bridge, consisting of two sections with an intermediate support. The GAZ-53F truck used the rear axle from the 63rd model. After the transition to an 8-cylinder engine, a banjo-type bridge with a hypoid main pair began to be used.

Chassis

The GAZ-53 truck is based on a riveted frame assembled from side members made by cold stamping. The design has six crossbars for power purposes, as well as a crossbar for an outboard bearing. A device for towing a trailer is mounted on the rear cross member.

The axle suspension is dependent, spring. The rear springs are equipped with additional springs. The front axle suspension has two telescopic shock absorbers.

Steering

The entire line of GAZ-53 trucks is equipped with steering without power steering. On machines produced before the summer of 1965, a gearbox was used, consisting of a globoidal worm shaft and a roller with two ridges sliding along it.

A bipod is installed on the output shaft of the roller, which performs the movement of the steering rod.

Later, a roller with three ridges was introduced into the gearbox design.

The steering column is not adjustable; in different years of production, steering wheels with differences in appearance were used. Early GAZ-53F trucks used white plastic steering wheels with metal spokes. Later, a black plastic steering wheel was used.

Brake system

The brake drive of the GAZ-53 truck is hydraulic, with an additional booster of the hydraulic vacuum type. The amplifier is located on the frame side member behind the cab. Drum type brakes. On early machines the system was single-circuit, but since 1975 a double-circuit scheme with division across bridges began to be introduced.

The first to receive it were bus chassis, which were equipped with two separate amplifiers. In 1986, dual-circuit brakes began to be used on trucks, together with a modernized master cylinder equipped with two pistons. An indicator appeared on the instrument panels, warning the driver about the failure of one of the circuits.

When parked, a manual drum brake is used, acting on the shank of the secondary shaft of the gearbox. The brake drive is mechanical, from a lever in the cabin.

Electrical equipment

For GAZ-53 trucks, a 12-volt electrical system with a negative pole connected to the body was initially used.

The energy source was a generator and a battery.

During the modernization, the models and power of generators changed (from 225 to 350 W). A generator with increased power to 840 W was installed on the extended chassis for the KAvZ plant.

Cabin and platform

GAZ-53 trucks were equipped with a cab with an all-metal structure, equipped with a panoramic windshield and two side doors. There were two seats in the cabin; the driver's seat was located separately and was adjustable according to the distance to the pedals.

Standard equipment included a heater with an electric fan and a windshield wiper with washer.

Trucks of the 53rd family are characterized by three design options for the front panel of the cab:

• An early version of the GAZ-53F, with overhead headlights and sidelights installed below.
• With the release of the GAZ-53, cladding with a grille design in the form of a trapezoid began to be used (the name appears - “with a smile”). The headlights have moved down, with colorless sidelights located above them.
• In the early 80s, a version of the cladding with a rectangular lattice shape went into production. The sidelights became larger and received two-color lenses.

The truck platform had a completely wooden structure assembled on a metal frame. The connection of the frame parts was carried out using rivets. The base had cross beams that served as support for the platform. Early releases of the GAZ-53F were not equipped with brackets for extension sides.

Performance characteristics

Areas of application

The truck was widely used in agriculture for transporting bulk goods. The chassis served as the basis for the manufacture of manufactured goods vans, mobile workshops, fire tanks and ladders, sewage sludge pumps, tanks for transporting water and oil products, as well as many other vehicles.

For supplies to the army, a version of the GAZ-53N truck was produced, which was equipped with two tanks (90 and 105 liters), an engine pre-heater and places for placing personal weapons in the cabin.

The army truck was equipped with a set of additional equipment, which included an entrenching tool, blackout shields for headlights, a tire repair kit, and more.

Modifications

There were up to hundreds of modifications based on the GAZ-53 family of trucks (including chassis for delivery to other factories). The main versions are listed below:

• GAZ-53F (1961-67);
• GAZ-53 (1964-65);
• GAZ-53A (1965-83);
• GAZ-53-12 (1983-93);
• Gas-cylinder versions of the GAZ-53-19 (liquefied gas) and GAZ-53-27 (compressed gas) were produced from 1983 to 1992.

In the 70-80s, the collective farm vehicle fleet consisted of 80% GAZ-53 type vehicles. GAZ-53 trucks are often found in cinema and computer games (for example, from the S.T.A.L.K.E.R. series).

Video

The GAZ-53 truck was destined to become the most popular “workhorse” in the Soviet Union. The signature “smile” of the radiator of this hard worker is one of the most recognizable “brands” of the Soviet era. Which is not at all surprising: after all, over the years of its mass production, from 1961 to 1993, the fifty-third LAWN was replicated in more than four million units. And he traveled all over the world, from Cuba to Kamchatka, from the Far North to the jungles of Laos and Vietnam. Next, we’ll talk about the technical characteristics of this truck, and listen to the live opinions of drivers who have worked on the GAZ-53 for many years.

About the areas of application and modifications of the GAZ-53

On its not particularly powerful shoulders, the GAZ-53 nevertheless “rolled” at least half of the entire economy of the Country of Soviets. It's hard to find where this ubiquitous truck has NOT been used. From the “gait” for emergency crews and the “paddy wagon” for criminals to mobile fuel tankers and truck tractors that hauled containers - everything that was not installed on the GAZ-53 chassis!

These cheap, simple and unpretentious trucks have become widespread in agriculture. In the 70s/early 80s of the 20th century, on the average Soviet collective farm, 80% of the truck fleet consisted of GAZ-53. Only in the second half of the 80s did this ratio begin to change towards an increase in the share which, by the way, in Soviet times was not much more expensive than a GAZon.

GAZ-53 of the 60s and 80s both look noticeably different from each other, and in a technological sense these are two quite different trucks. Not only are their engines completely different, but also many other design elements.

After all, over the years of production, the GAZ-53 has experienced three major and many minor upgrades and improvements. The Gorky Automobile Plant tried to promptly respond to “signals from the field” and eliminate problems identified during operation.

Thus, already in the first years of the distribution of the new truck model across the country, it became obvious that the axles from the previous generation - , on the 53rd are no longer suitable, and the 82-horsepower engine from the 51st LAWN, although forced, does not meet the increased needs of the new cars. During 1964/65, serial production of the GAZ-53 was launched, equipped, instead of an in-line six-cylinder engine, with a V-shaped eight (115-horsepower ZMZ-53 engine), as well as modified and reinforced axles.

An interesting, half-forgotten fact: the cladding and, accordingly, the appearance of the GAZ-53 of the first releases were very noticeably different from the appearance of the car we are accustomed to. For example, the headlights were located above the direction indicators. However, unfortunately, not a single original LAWN of that very first generation has survived to this day. But he remained captured on film in some famous films of that time, in particular “Happy Troubles” (1964), “Foreigner” (1965), “Beware of the Car” (1966), “Three Poplars on Plyushchikha” (1967).

GAZ-53F (1961-1967)

By the way, a curious film curiosity is associated with the GAZ-53, which has already become familiar to everyone. In the famous film “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed,” in the episode when gang members are driving Volodya Sharapov in a bread van through Moscow at night, a green GAZ-53 was inappropriately included in some shots. (The film takes place in 1946).

"GAZ-53A" (1965–1983)

Three main, basic modifications of the truck rolled off the assembly line under the following factory indices:

• GAZ-53F(1961-1967) - flatbed truck and universal chassis with a forced in-line 6-cylinder GAZ-51 engine with 82 hp.
• GAZ-53A(from June 1965 to 1983) - flatbed truck, dump truck and universal chassis with a ZMZ-53 engine - V-shaped 8-cylinder, 115 hp.
• GAZ-53-12(from 1983 to January 1993) - a flatbed truck, a dump truck and a universal chassis with an eight-cylinder V-shaped engine ZMZ-53-11 with a power of 120 hp.

According to the power, the load capacity of the three generations of the 53rd LAWN also differs. The GAZ-53F was declared to have a 4-ton capacity, although in fact it only carried 3 tons on board, and 4 tons was an almost unbearable load for it. The GAZ-53A became a real four-ton truck. The power of the GAZ-53-12 engine already allowed it to freely carry not only the 4.5 tons declared by the manufacturer, but also 5 tons “with kopecks”.

GAZ-53-12 (1983-1993)

In addition to the basic ones, there are dozens of modifications and versions of the GAZ-53 made on their basis, intended for use for specialized purposes. Among them -

• Army modification GAZ-53N with an additional 105 liter fuel tank, a pre-heater and a set of additional equipment.
• Popular buses KAvZ-685 And "Kuban" based on GAZ-53. They were produced on the GAZ-53-40 chassis, equipped with softer springs and telescopic shock absorbers, a fuel tank from, a modified brake system and electrical equipment.
• GAZ-53-02- dump truck.
• A special chassis designed for the GAZ-SAZ dump truck (SAZ-3503).
• GAZ-53-05– a truck tractor (it was not widely used, because any of the three engines of the 53rd GAZON was too weak for such “exercises”).
• GAZ-53-19 And GAZ-53-27– versions developed in 1984, running on liquefied gas; with engines of 105 and 100 hp. respectively.

GAZ-53 trucks were exported to almost all socialist countries, and from capitalist countries to Finland and Belgium.

Serious assembly production of these trucks, from Soviet vehicle kits, was organized in Bulgaria and Cuba. Moreover, the Bulgarian enterprise Madara produced the GAZ-53 from 1967 to 1991, increasing production volume to 3,000 cars per year in the 80s. And already from the beginning of the 70s, it equipped them with Bulgarian-made engines.

Export versions of the truck were produced with the factory designations GAZ-53-70 and GAZ-53-50 (especially for the tropics). As already noted, the number of specialized versions based on the GAZ-53 chassis is difficult to calculate. These include mobile repair shops, fire trucks, truck cranes, ladder trucks, garbage trucks, loader cranes, fuel tankers, etc. and so on.

Unlike all previously developed trucks of the Country of Soviets, the GAZ-53 was originally created purely for the needs of the national economy. In case of war, it was not planned to mobilize it into troops and use it to transport guns, transport ammunition, wounded, etc. army needs. In this regard, the GAZ-53 can rightfully be called the first domestic “NOT dual-use” truck.

This explains the “cheerful” colors of the legendary car. If previously all trucks of the Soviet Union were painted only in a dark green protective color, then the 53rd from the very beginning was distinguished by a very diverse range of colors: its cabs were painted in blue, gray, blue, beige, red, green, yellow, orange and some others colors.

The direct “relative” and “ancestor” of the GAZ-53 was another all-Union hard worker - the GAZ-51 truck. The development of a new generation truck was led by the chief designer of the Gorky Automobile Plant, Alexander Dmitrievich Prosvirnin (1914-2005). By the way, he was in 1946-1947. participated in the development of the GAZ-51, then still in the role of an ordinary designer.

During the summer/autumn of 1961, a pilot batch of GAZ-53F trucks was subjected to serious tests, the main of which was a motor rally along the route Moscow - Tashkent - Moscow, with a total length of ten thousand kilometers. The trucks were driven intensively along country roads and real deserts, steppe sands, marshy soils and mountainous areas. The culmination of the route in Central Asia was the Shahristan pass, in Tajikistan, located at an altitude of more than 3.2 thousand meters above sea level.

At the same time, 2 GAZ-53Fs were mercilessly exploited in the Moscow region, in off-road rural conditions, and 4 more were driven along the Moscow-Gorky highway back and forth until the figure of 15,000 km was reached on their speedometer, testing reliability on main lines. In total, each of the vehicles performed 18 flights.

By the way, the “brother” of the 53rd LAWN also deserves kind words. Also a bestseller, with a circulation of more than 1 million units. This is practically its “twin”. Since the only reliable difference between these models is the model of the installed engine: on the 52nd there is a six-cylinder in-line, on the 53rd there is a more powerful eight-cylinder V-shaped.

By the way, according to the observations of experienced GAZON drivers, the 52nd was distinguished by slightly better cross-country ability in severe off-road conditions or deep snow. The more powerful and resourceful GAZ-53 was more likely to bury itself in mud, snow or sand where the 52nd was slowly passing on its own.

Externally, it was possible to distinguish the GAZ-52 from the GAZ-53 by the wheel rims: the GAZ-52 and modifications had smaller rims, with 6 ventilation holes and narrower tires. The GAZ-53 has wider (and, accordingly, more “load-bearing”) tires; wheels of a larger diameter, with three holes placed at an angle of 120 degrees. However, the rims on the 52nd and 53rd GAZon are interchangeable.

About the technical characteristics of the GAZ-53

Having looked at photographs of other cars of the late 50s/early 60s, we can rightfully say that for its time the appearance of the cabin and its interior of the GAZ-53 looked very progressive.

A one-piece lining of the radiator grille was made, into which the headlights and sidelights were organically integrated. The driver and passenger seats, according to the canons of those years, were a single “sofa”. However, the ergonomics of the workplace were better thought out than in the GAZ-51.

According to its class, the GAZ-53 belongs to the family of universal medium-duty multi-purpose trucks. The GAZ-53 truck has a frame structure, the wheels are driven to the rear axle.

dimensions

• Length – 6.395 m; width – 2,380 m; height (in the cabin, without load) – 2,220 m
• Chassis base – 3,700 m; front wheel track (on ground) – 1,630 m; rear wheel track – 1,690 m
• Ground clearance: 265 mm. In this case, the lowest points with full load are: 265 mm (rear axle housing) and 347 mm (front axle).
• Dimensions of the cargo platform: length – 3,740 m; width – 2,170 m; side height – 0.68 m.
• The turning radius along the track of the outer front wheel is 8 m.

Performance characteristics

• Wheel formula: 4x2.
• Curb weight: 3.2 tons.
• Load capacity: 4 tons for GAZ-53F and GAZ-53A; 4.5 tons - for GAZ-53-12.
• Tire size: 8.25-20 inches.
• Maximum permissible weight of towed trailer: 4 tons.
• The GAZ-53 cabin is metal, two-seater, two-door.
• Maximum speed with full load on a horizontal highway: 90 km/h.
• Fuel tank capacity: 90 l (in the military version of the GAZ-53N - 105 l).
• Fuel consumption from 24 liters of gasoline per 100 km.

A few words about the characteristics of the GAZ-53-02 version (dump truck). The LAWN dump truck was produced with a frame shortened by 27 cm at the rear. The wheelbase remained the same. Was equipped with a power take-off shaft.

The platform was equipped with a gear-type hydraulic pump, which, through a system of control valves, ensured the operation of a three-link hydraulic cylinder for lifting the body. The capacity of the all-metal body platform is 5 cubic meters; body lifting and unloading are provided both backwards and sideways.

GAZ-53 engines

8-cylinder 4-stroke gasoline carburetor engines ZMZ-53 and ZMZ-53-11 have a V-shaped cylinder arrangement. The working volume is 4,254 cubic centimeters. Power, at 3200 rpm per minute is: 115 (ZMZ-53) and 120 (ZMZ-511) horsepower. Cylinder diameter – 92 mm; piston stroke – 80 mm. The average compression ratio is 6.7. The maximum torque at 2000-2500 rpm is 29 kg/cm. The cylinders operate in the following order: 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8.

The engine cylinder block is made of casting from Al-4 alloy, and after casting it is sealed by heat treatment and impregnation with synthetic resin. This is a classic monoblock V-shaped design with an angle along the cylinder axes of 90 degrees.

The cavities of the block and cast iron liners for the pistons form the water cooling jacket of the engine. The possibility of repair replacement of sleeves is provided (5 groups with letter designations). The clutch housing is secured to the end of the block with threaded rods.

Pistons are also divided into five repair groups according to their diameter (letter marking), and into four groups according to the diameter of the piston pin holes (color marking). The piston group is cast from aluminum alloy “Al-30”. The piston has a classic round shape with a flat bottom; three grooves are cut along its diameter for oil scraper and compression rings.

The block heads are made of Al-4 alloy. The valve seats are made of cast iron, and the guide bushings are made of copper-graphite ceramics. The block and cylinder heads are connected by threaded rods through gaskets made of asbestos cardboard reinforced with steel. The crankshaft is cast from cast iron, on which the connecting rod journals, bearings and counterweights are formed.

The crankshaft went through a series of mandatory dynamic and static balancing. Axial movement of the crankshaft is eliminated by two washers installed on either side of the first journal support. It is sealed in the block using oil-squeezing grooves, oil seals and asbestos packing.

The gas distribution mechanism, with overhead valve installation, ensures the intake of the fuel-air working mixture into the cylinders and the exhaust of exhaust gases.

This device consists of: camshafts and gears, pushers, rocker arms, rods, valves, guide bushings and springs. The camshaft is forged from steel. It has 5 bearing journals, cams, a gear drive for an oil pump and an ignition distributor.

The device for preparing the gasoline-air mixture is a K-126 carburetor. The ignition system is contact. Spark plugs – A11-U.

The lubrication system supplies oil to the contacting parts of the engine both under pressure and by gravity. The oil pump is gear-type, driven by a camshaft, the oil filter is full-flow, serviceable.

The air preparation filter is also serviceable, inertial, with the settling of polluting particles in an oil bath. Cooling system – with a water pump, closed type, liquid. It consists of a water jacket of the cylinder block, radiator, pump, thermostat, shutters, fan, fan casing, radiator cap and connecting hoses. Capacity – 22 liters.

The engine of the third modification of the 53rd GAZon - ZMZ-53-11 differs from its predecessor in new cylinder heads with increased compression parameters; a sectional oil pump, a full-flow filter device, and crankcase ventilation switched to a closed circuit.

The gearbox consists of four forward “speeds” and one rear. By its design, the GAZ-53 gearbox is a three-way gearbox, with synchronizers in third and fourth gears. The clutch is single-disc, dry.

The cardan transmission is open type, has cardan shafts with needle bearings. The main gear of the drive axles is a conical, hypoid type, with a gear ratio of 6.83. Differential - gear, cam, bevel, limited slip. Rotating axles are flanged, with CV joints.

Springs – 4 pcs., longitudinal semi-elliptical, ends embedded in rubber supports. The rear suspension has additional springs. Shock absorbers – hydraulic, telescopic, double-acting.

Foot brakes - shoe brakes, 4 wheels. The brake drive is foot-operated, hydraulic, with a hydraulic vacuum booster. The hand brake is central, drum type, mounted on the driven shaft of the gearbox. The type of steering mechanism of the GAZ-53 is a globoidal worm with a 3-ridge roller.

Electrical equipment GAZ-53

The GAZ-53 truck uses a single-wire wiring system with a connection between the negative terminal and ground. The mains voltage is 6 Volts. The brand of the “native” battery is 6-ST-68-EM.

Generator brand, power 350 W – G130-G; relay regulator – PP130. The electrical system of the GAZ-53 truck also includes a B13 ignition coil, with additional resistance; breaker-distributor P13-B; single-cylinder air-cooled compressor; ST130-B electric starter with remote activation.

Cabin GAZ-53

“A comfortable 2-seater closed cabin, convenient location of controls and instruments, good visibility, reliable brakes, and the presence of powerful lights ensure ease of driving and safety at high speeds at any time of the day,”- this is how the information album “VneshTorgIzdata” described the GAZ-53 in 1968.

Well, as they say, what to compare with. From the perspective of our time, the cabin of the GAZ-53 is more than ascetic and spartan.

However, compared to the same GAZ-51, which did not have synchronizers in the gearbox, the clutch had to be depressed 2-3 times before engaging, and the cabin was cramped and poorly heated, the 53rd was simply the pinnacle of comfort!

The two-seater shared sofa seat, covered in faux leather, could easily accommodate three people if desired. The only point: the one who got the seat in the middle could interfere a little with the driver by touching the gearshift lever with his feet. There was also ample space in the cabin for the “creativity” of tuning enthusiasts: Soviet-era drivers decorated their GAZ-53 cabs as best they could.

There were also craftsmen who made homemade insulation and soundproofing of the cabin: they filled it with foam plastic, lined it with felt, achieving amazing silence and comfort in their workplace.

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The GA3-66 is a two-axle truck with a load capacity of 2 tons, all-terrain, with drive on both axles.

Review of KAMAZ and GAZ models: body volumes and dimensions

It is intended to replace the same type of GAZ-63 car produced by the plant.

The GAZ-66 car has modifications:

GAZ-66-01 - a car with a tire pressure regulation system;

GAZ-66-02 - a car with a winch and a tire pressure regulation system;

GAZ-66-04 - a car with a tire pressure regulation system and shielded electrical equipment;

GAZ-66-05 is a car with a winch, a tire pressure regulation system and shielded electrical equipment.

When creating the GAZ-66 car, special attention was paid to obtaining high cross-country ability and driving stability.

To obtain a rational load distribution along the axles on the GAZ-66 car, the cabin is located above the engine.

The GAZ-53A vehicle with a carrying capacity of 4 tons and rear axle drive is designed for transporting various cargoes on all types of roads. The main components of cars are interchangeable.

Name	GAZ-53	GAZ-66
Load capacity, kg
Maximum weight of towed trailer with cargo, kg
Vehicle weight in running order (without additional equipment), kg The weight of the vehicle equipped with a winch is 3640 kg.
Overall dimensions of the car, mm: height (cabin without load) height (on the awning without load)
Vehicle base, mm
Front wheel track (on ground), mm
Rear wheel track (on ground), mm
Lowest points of the car (with full load), mm: drive axle housings Front axle
Turning radius along the track of the outer front wheel, m.
The highest speed of a vehicle with a full load without a trailer (on a horizontal section of road with improved surface), km/h
Control fuel consumption when measured in summer for a run-in car moving at full speed load in fourth gear at a constant speed of 30-40 km/h on a dry, flat road with improved coverage and short climbs not exceeding 1.5% (1˚), l/100 km
Engine
Number of cylinders and their location	8, V-shaped
cylinder diameter, mm
Piston stroke, mm
Cylinder displacement, l
Compression Ratio (Average)
Maximum power (limited by regulator) at 3200 rpm, hp
Maximum torque at 2000 - 2500 rpm, kgm
Cylinder operating order

Home » Heating and ventilation in the country.

How to calculate the volume of firewood in the body?

Determining the volume of firewood neatly stacked for storage is quite simple. It is much more difficult to find out how many cubic meters are in the car that was brought to you. Let's consider, for example, how many cubic meters of firewood are in a GAZ 53.

First, we must find out the full volume of the car body. The standard Lawn has a body volume of approximately 4.8 cubic meters. If you see that the firewood is loaded without a slide, then its volume clearly cannot be higher.

There are body modifications with silo (extended) sides, whose volume is increased by 1.5 - 2 times.

In addition to the volume of the body, the laying method influences how many cubes of firewood are in the lawn. More precisely, the presence of stacking: if the firewood is neatly stacked, then it occupies almost the entire volume of the body, but if it is dumped in bulk, then there is a lot of free space between them. There is a special coefficient for converting the bulk volume into the volume of folded cubic meters.

GAZ-53 - what are the body dimensions?

The coefficient depends on the length of the log. For example, for a log of a quarter meter the correction factor is 0.8, and for a log of 3 quarters of a meter it is already 0.73.

This means that 4 cubic meters of firewood with an average length of 25 cm, brought in bulk, will turn into 3.2 cubic meters after stacking.

Is it possible to fit 6 cubic meters of firewood in a GAZ 53?

As we have already said, if the car has extended sides or if you load the body with a significant slide, then it is possible. This becomes more likely if the firewood is loaded by stacking rather than in bulk. In the latter case, even in an 8-cube body there may be 2-3 cubic meters of firewood.

Let's consider how many cubic meters of firewood are in the GAZ 66. The volume of the body of this car may vary depending on the type, but, on average, it is 3 - 4 cubic meters, without extended sides. This is also the maximum volume of transported firewood, taking into account normal stacking along the sides.

So, to estimate the volume of firewood brought, you need to know the volume of the body and the method of stacking the firewood. The situation becomes somewhat more complicated when loading “heaped”, but its volume can also be calculated by dividing the firewood into 2 conventional geometric shapes:

• Body parallelepiped along the sides;
• Separate slide. For ease of counting, you can even level the slide, making it flatter.

By adding the volume of both figures (obtained by multiplying the length, height and width) we get the approximate volume of firewood.

Trucks GAZ-53

The GAZ 53 truck has become a legend and an outstanding achievement of the automotive industry of the USSR and Russia. As an honest worker, he always worked out his allotted resource, and often served longer than the period that was envisaged before decommissioning.

Classic GAZ-53 truck

The production of GAZ 53 stopped long ago, but you can still find offers for the sale and purchase of this truck in advertisements. The condition of some examples of the vehicle is simply surprising - more than twenty years have passed since the last “fifty-third” rolled off the assembly line, and there are still quite combat trucks in decent condition.

From the history of the creation of GAZ 53

GAZ 53F

The GAZ 53 series of cars was built on the basis of the GAZ 51. The new model borrowed a six-cylinder in-line internal combustion engine (ICE) from the “fifty-one”, only after a certain time other ICE options were offered. The first prototypes of the new model appeared in 1959, and in October 1961, the GAZ 53 was launched into mass production. The brand received the index “F” and became known as GAZ 53F.

The production of the truck modification continued until January 1967. Initially, the vehicle's carrying capacity was 3.5 tons, but in 1964 it was reduced to 3 tons.

GAZ 53A

In 1964, continuing the development of the GAZ 53F, the giant plant began production of modifications: the basic GAZ 53 and the updated GAZ 53A model. In 1965, they decided to leave only the GAZ 53A, and this brand existed until 1983, that is, almost 20 years.

The GAZ 53A model was equipped with an eight-cylinder engine (115 hp, volume 4.24 liters) and the load capacity was increased to 4 tons.

The truck could reach speeds of up to 85 km per hour (on the GAZ 53F it was no more than 74 km per hour).

GAZ 53 12

Since 1983, the GAZ 53 12 became the base model. The new modified internal combustion engine received the ZMZ 511 index (120 hp), and the load capacity became even greater (4.5 tons). GAZ 53 12 was produced until January 1993, then production of GAZ 53 was stopped completely.

This is what the GAZ 53 12 model looks like

Additional modifications of GAZ 53

In addition to the basic models GAZ53F, GAZ 53, GAZ 53A and GAZ 53 12, there were quite a lot of special modifications of the Lawn. They mainly differed in body type and purpose. The basic version is the GAZ 53 flatbed. On this basis, the plant produced chassis - GAZ 53 dump truck (GAZ 53 02), chassis for a truck tractor (GAZ 53 05).

The GAZ 53N was developed for army needs. The tactical and technical characteristics (TTX) of the military vehicle differed from the civilian version. The standard configuration of military equipment included a larger fuel tank (105 liters), a starting heater and additional equipment. Accordingly, GAZ 53N was painted protective green.

Variant of the GAZ 53N model

There were versions designed specifically for hot climates, chassis were produced for KAVZ buses, two models were equipped with gas equipment - to run on methane and propane.

Design features of GAZ 53 12

Total information

The GAZ 53 12 car has the following dimensions:

The weight of the car is 3200 kg; for a fully loaded GAZ 53 12 the weight cannot exceed 7850 kg. The front wheel track size is 1630 mm. The track size of the rear wheels is 1690 mm, the size is taken without taking into account the second wheels that are located outside on the rear axle.

The fuel consumption declared by the manufacturer should be 24 liters per 100 km at a speed of 40 km per hour. But such a norm in practice has nothing to do with this figure.

Comparative table of fuel consumption of GAZ cars of various modifications

Real fuel consumption is somewhere around 30 liters per 100 km. The standard fuel tank holds 90 liters. The car was filled with A-76 and A-72 gasoline. It is not clear what kind of fuel GAZONs currently use; such brands of gasoline have not been produced for a long time.

Cabin

At that time, when the GAZ 53 first appeared on the roads of the country, its appearance seemed very modern and stylish. But this look remained almost the same throughout the entire time the truck was produced. For more than 30 years, only the headlights with sidelights were swapped in the cabin and the side lights were changed; the radiator grille took on a different look. Strictly speaking, the GAZ 53. is not a super car, its main task is to carry cargo, which it did brilliantly.
Inside, the cabin looks simple.
There is no plastic trim, almost everything around is iron. The seat is not divided into driver and passenger. It consists of two main parts - a solid back and the seat itself, which is also solid. The halves can be removed very easily. Below, under the seat, there is space for tools and other things.

The instrument panel is elementary:

• speedometer;
• ammeter;
• oil pressure gauge;
• temperature sensor.

And on the first GAZ 53, the dashboard was even simpler - instead of pressure and temperature sensors there were two warning lights.

The cabin has a weak point - the wings and running boards quickly rot, and they constantly have to be welded.

Body and chassis

If we talk about basic models, then the body design can be described in a few words.

The design of the onboard GAZ 53 is frame, and the body itself is made of wooden boards fastened with an iron frame. The body was attached to the frame.

Internal combustion engine

Most likely, the old 6-cylinder GAZ 51 engine is not worth taking into account, it is already hopelessly outdated. But ZMZ 511 is still rolling out on the roads of the Russian Federation.

Characteristics of ZMZ 511:

• eight cylinders in a v-arrangement;
• piston diameter 92 mm;
• piston stroke 80 mm;
• aluminum cylinder block;
• two aluminum cylinder heads;
• engine capacity 4.24 l;
• compression ratio 7.6.

The internal combustion engine is considered the weak point in the GAZ 53. The crankshaft cannot withstand constant loads, and increased oil consumption on the ZMZ 511 is almost the norm.

This is what the engine for GAZ 53 looks like

The rear oil seal also leaked very often.

The leak occurred at the junction of the stuffing box with the rubber seals.

In Soviet times, sealants were not yet widely popular, so it was quite difficult to eliminate such a malfunction.

Chassis

The chassis of the legendary truck is simply simple. The front suspension is easy to repair and has good technical characteristics.

Includes:

• load-bearing beam;
• pivot type steering knuckles;
• hydraulic shock absorbers;
• springs.

The rear suspension consists of a rear axle and springs. The rear springs are reinforced with separate additional sheets. The brake system is drum type, there are two vacuum brake boosters.

Transmission

The gearbox on the GAZ 53 12 is a four-speed manual. The cardan shaft consists of two elbows, three crosses and a middle intermediate support. The movement of the wheels is carried out using the rear axle.

Steering

The GAZ 53 12 steering system consists of a steering mechanism with a worm gear, a steering column, tie rods and a steering wheel. The steering wheel is three-spoke, large but thin. The steering column is fixed rigidly and is not adjustable. Due to the lack of power steering, it is quite difficult to rotate the steering wheel, especially if the car is stationary. We can say with confidence that driving a GAZ 53 is not a woman’s job at all.

GAZ 53 steering diagram

Main malfunctions and shortcomings of GAZ 53

Having found out all the features of the truck’s operation, all the shortcomings can be combined into one list.

The main shortcomings and malfunctions of the GAZ 53:

• High fuel consumption, the stated rate is clearly underestimated;
• The steering is tight, the power steering is clearly not enough;
• There are many complaints about the internal combustion engine, mainly due to technical shortcomings;
• Weak springs cannot withstand the maximum loaded weight;
• The cabin is subject to corrosion.

Main advantages of GAZ 53

There are shortcomings and shortcomings in any design. But the Lawn has many more advantages. Such an unpretentious truck is hard to find. In general, it doesn’t break down that often.

It is very easy to repair - damage can be repaired in any field.

There are still no problems with the availability of spare parts for the GAZ 53 truck, and besides, the prices for spare parts are not too high. And even an amateur can deal with the repairs.

The “fifty-third” has an almost “indestructible” body. The frame is made of thick, durable metal - the car is already sold for scrap, but the frame is still intact.

The truck “drags” almost any weight and volume that can be loaded into it. And the GAZ 53 dump truck also copes with its task perfectly. The norm is not the limit for him - they are often loaded to capacity.

The advantages include the cost of the car itself. For this reason, there is no particular concern that it will be stolen. It’s not scary if the bumper is dented, as they say, not the chassis.

Conclusion

It’s not for nothing that GAZ 53 became a legend.

Dump truck GAZ-53

The trucks of the Gorky auto giant transported a huge amount of cargo. Until now, many lawn workers work on highways. And it would be very cool if such legends arose more often.

http://avtomobilgaz.ru

Used Kamaz bodies, ZIL dump truck, gas 53 - Free classifieds board "Auto parts, accessories" Skopin (Skopin.Verro.ru)

You are seeing a publication about the offer presented to you “Used Kamaz bodies, ZIL dump truck, GAZ 53”. The ad was posted on the website on December 8 by a private owner from Skopin. Internet visitors most often search for similar products using the tags: body, Kamaz, dump truck, side, basket, mount, hydraulic cylinder, desire, restore, option, manipulator, account, loading, exchange, condition, gazelle, bull, subframe, dump, etc. similar. The more detailed you describe your product when placing an ad on the free bulletin board “Verro.ru”, the attention of the more people in Skopin you will attract. Include everything down to the smallest detail. Be sure to write a clear and complete table of contents for your publication. Try to keep all the words in your ad simple and as clear as possible for potential consumers. And the result will not be long in coming.

An excellent option for an onboard vehicle (RUB 17,000), metal will be more expensive to buy. I can deliver with a manipulator (at your expense), and I will provide loading for FREE. I will consider exchange options. There is a flatbed body from GAZ 53 (15,000 rubles) in very good condition, it can be installed on a gazelle, bull or other. The body from ZIL 130 is a dump truck (without subframe) = 10,000 rubles. BODY for ZIL-45085 Mining dump truck (rear dump only) is very strong.. If you want to buy, sell or rent a similar product or service, then publish your ad on the free classifieds board Verro.ru in the appropriate section, for example: “Auto parts, accessories " To quickly and easily search for your offer, specify tags (keywords) for it, for example: Skopin, Spare parts and accessories. If all recommendations are followed, your ad will easily find its buyer.

List of cities in the Ryazan region:

Information about Skopin:

A country:	Russia, Russia
Subject of the federation:	Ryazan regionRyazan region
City district:	Skopin
Coordinates:	53°49′00″ n. w. 39°33′00″ E. d. / 53.81667° n. w. 39.55000° E. d./53.81667; 39.55000 (G) (O) (Z)Coordinates: 53°49′00″ N. w. 39°33′00″ E. d. / 53.81667° n. w. 39.55000° E. d./53.81667; 39.55000 (G) (O) (I)
Chapter:	Oleg Aseev
Based:	1597
First mention:	1597
City from:	1778
Square:	30.9 km²
Center Height:	150 m
Population:	↘28,092 people (2014)
Ethnic burial:	skopians, skopians
Timezone:	UTC+3
Telephone code:	+7 49156
Postcode:	391800-391803, 391825, 391840, 391842, 391846-391847
Vehicle code:	62
OKATO code:	61 415
OKTMO code:	61 715 000 001
Official site:	skopin-gorod.ru