Weapon of victory. How are Dakar trucks arranged? Bonnet KAMAZ is back in service! review of new products shown at the rally-raid kagan's gold Kamaz master engine specifications
Say what you like, but extreme conditions for racing, almost for survival, love Russian cars.
I remember that at one time Finnish racers triumphantly marched along the African deserts - the tracks of the Paris - Dakkar rally - exclusively on the Russian "Niva". It is true that what the "serial" monster from Naberezhnye Chelny KAMAZ 4911 did at these races cannot be compared even with the victorious procession of the Togliatti car.
According to the FIA \u200b\u200bregulations, only production models can participate in the rally
Imagine an eleven-ton colossus traveling at more than one hundred and eighty kilometers per hour. Imagine how it accelerates to “hundreds” in just ten seconds. Imagine it flying through the air (athletes skillfully use any natural elevation as a springboard) and landing on all four wheels without a “breakdown” of the suspension and this with eleven tons of curb weight.
Anyone can buy a civilian version of this monster - the price tag starts at $ 250,000
If you can imagine this at least approximately, then consider - you have a rough idea of \u200b\u200bwhat it is - the pride and glory of the domestic automotive industry KAMAZ 4911 Extreme. Plus - the permissible operating mode in the "temperature range" from minus thirty to plus fifty degrees Celsius.
No magic, no fiction
Usually, when talking about this legendary machine, they go astray to describe its capabilities, accompanied by many exclamation marks. As if an eyewitness was faced with a clear manifestation of either a technical miracle, or met aliens who possess clearly unearthly technologies.
In fact, there is no magic here, as well as science fiction. And all the unique capabilities of the monster from Naberezhnye Chelny have a clear and scientifically grounded explanation - the technical characteristics of the KAMAZ 4911.
YaMZ-7E846 engine - the heart of KAMAZ 4911
And they look like this. The V-shaped "eight" produced by the Yaroslavl Machine-Building Plant (YaMZ) has a volume of more than seventeen thousand cubic centimeters and develops a capacity of about eight hundred horsepower.
By the way, the engine for serial "SuperMAZ" served as the basis for the motor.
In addition, additional agility is added by two Borg Warner turbochargers and four valves, two inlet and two outlet, per cylinder. Total, on this engine - thirty-two).
Fly so fly
And the fast KAMAZ is equipped with hydropneumatic shock absorbers from the army BRDM, which are designed for parachute dropping of multi-ton armored tracked vehicles, hence the fantastic “volatility” of a multi-ton truck. And besides, to ensure a smooth ride, the springs extended to almost two meters are used in the suspensions, so huge jumps during the rally do not harm either the car or the crew.
The 4x4 wheel arrangement, accompanied by a sixteen-speed ZF manual gearbox and a Steyr “transfer case” with a center differential lock, give the truck fantastic cross-country ability. Since 2003, KAMAZ has climbed the podium in almost all world heavy-duty cross-country races.
Everything is superlative
If to the above we add a lightweight supporting frame, equipped with inserts made of composite materials, so that the rigidity and strength of the frame structure does not suffer, and the number of spring leaves - fourteen in the front and ten - in the rear, then we get an approximate description of a car that consistently wins the most prestigious world rallies with enviable consistency.
True, in the "combat", sports mode, the consumption of a monstrous 800 - strong engine fluctuates somewhere in the range of hundreds of liters per hundred, but for big sports, you must agree, in particular. It is not for nothing that the car is equipped with a twin fuel tank with a total capacity of one thousand liters.
The glorious sporting past and present of the Master - Kamaz team is inextricably linked with the periodically improving and recyclable production models of the car plant located in Naberezhnye Chelny, and KAMAZ 4911 Extreme is a striking representative of the family of cars that literally lifted the Russian rally team into the empyrean world sports unattainable for rivals. ...
Civil version of the racing version - KAMAZ 4911 Extreme
Since the end of the eighties of the last century, Russian KAMAZ trucks have been among the undisputed world leaders at the most prestigious and famous races. And finally, an anecdote (they say that the employees of "Master Kamaz" really love to tell visitors it very seriously): during the crash tests of KAMAZ 4911 Extreme, the concrete wall, which was planned to break the front of the car, began to quietly crawl away from the test stand.
To the ground, and then ...
Vladimir Chagin said in one of his interviews that it is impossible to win on last year's car, so KAMAZ almost completely removes its trucks every year, improving everything that is possible. So for the "Dakar-2016" the engine, transmission, suspension, steering, brakes, power supply, air conditioning, on-board electronics were modernized. Click on the icons on the left and find out how much better KAMAZ has become.
Power unit
The Liebherr engine received reinforced connecting rod bushings that can withstand a torque of over 4000 Nm, which made the engine more powerful throughout the entire operating range. The parts of the valve drive are lightened, the characteristics of the valve springs are changed. The engine brake appeared. In order to withstand the increased torque, the transmission input shaft is reinforced.
Torque now exceeds 4000 Nm
This year, the permitted suspension travel is strictly limited to 300 mm, the previously permitted tolerance of +30 mm is now prohibited. In order to ensure the same energy intensity and maintain the comfort of the crew at the same level with an actually shortened stroke, it was necessary to select new characteristics of the springs, having tried dozens of options. For the same reason, the adjustment ranges for the Rieger shock absorbers have been changed.
Suspension travel reduced
The Dakar 2016 route has many mountain stages, where reliable brakes are especially important. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the cooling of the brakes deteriorates in the rarefied mountain air. Therefore, we used brake pads with a new composition of linings that can withstand higher temperatures. To aid the service braking system, an automatic engine brake controlled by an on-board computer is installed.
mountain brake appeared
Little is known about the sports trucks of the Kamaz-Master team: which engine is installed? to what
are the speeds accelerating? which parts are imported and which are domestic? In this article you will find all
answers!
In 1988, when Russian racers had just started to compete in KamAZ trucks, the equipment was
improved suspension and hydraulic booster, developed and installed a tire inflation system.
Title \u003d "(! LANG: In 1988, when Russian racers had just started to compete in KamAZ trucks, the equipment was
actually serial: the athletes chose the three-axle all-wheel drive KamAZ-4310 as the basis,
which boosted the engine to 290 hp. (the serial "eight" produced 210 "horses"), a little
modified the cooling and lubrication systems, installed a roll cage, stiffer springs, new
shock absorbers and ... everything! In this performance "KamAZ-S4310" ("C" - sports) made its debut in the European
rally "Elch", where the KAMAZ team won 2 and 4 places in the individual standings and 1 place in the team.
Then a series of alterations began: what kind of motors did racing trucks try on! In 1989 -
forced up to 400 "horses" KAMAZ unit, in 1989 - an experimental 10-cylinder engine (it
turned out to be too unreliable), in 1991, finally, a specially designed "eight"
power 430 hp Naturally, the powerful engine required a significant alteration of the transmission:
the factory produced an experimental gearbox and a new transfer case. Also engineers
improved suspension and hydraulic booster, developed and installed a tire inflation system.">!}
Note that the first foreign component that was registered on a Russian sports truck
marathons forced engineers to hastily create and test a new car - "KamAZ-49256".
96 ". But then the truck again
a new heart was implanted: a 12-cylinder with a capacity of more than a thousand "horses"! On the "Dakar" 98 "
"KamAZ" performed unsuccessfully, because the huge power could not "digest" the transmission ... This
the prototype was the last Kama truck, where the engine was located in the middle: new rules
marathons forced engineers to hastily create and test a new car - "KamAZ-49256". "title \u003d" (! LANG: Note that the first foreign component that was registered on a Russian sports truck
the clutch of British production became, although further KAMAZ used more and more imported
spare parts ... For example, the next generation of racing trucks (already two-axle!) received an American
520 hp Cummins engine However, when the Yaroslavl engine builders proposed a power
unit YaMZ-7E846, KAMAZ employees chose a Russian turbodiesel: it conquered with a large torque on
low revs and good performance on low-grade fuel.
With such an engine, the mid-engined KamAZ-49252 brought KAMAZ workers to the victorious podium of the marathon
"Paris-Moscow-Beijing" and allowed to win the golden Berber at the "Dakar""96». Но затем грузовику снова !}
a new heart was implanted: a 12-cylinder with a capacity of more than a thousand "horses"! On the "Dakar" 98 "
"KamAZ" performed unsuccessfully, because the huge power could not "digest" the transmission ... This
the prototype was the last Kama truck, where the engine was located in the middle: new rules
marathons forced engineers to hastily create and test a new car - "KamAZ-49256". "\u003e
After the model 49256, created in a hurry, a unique KamAZ-4911 Extreme appeared - a machine that did not
"Dakar". Can you think of a better car? "Can!" - answered KAMAZ.
Title \u003d "(! LANG: After the model 49256 was created in a hurry, the unique KamAZ-4911 Extreme"
had analogues in cross-country ability, maneuverability and dynamics. "Forty nine eleven" were christened
"Flying truck": this monster, pushing off from natural trampolines, effectively took off over
earth! In its debut 2003, the high-speed heavy-duty truck retained victories in the Cup and Championship of Russia,
rally "Desert Challenge", "Khazar steppes", "Cappadocia", and most importantly - gold and bronze Berbers
"Dakar". Can you think of a better car? "Can!" - answered KAMAZ.">!}
In 2007, the current generation of sports trucks was born - KamAZ-4326-9. On this sports
a modest resource - before decommissioning, the engine covers approximately 30 thousand racing kilometers.
Title \u003d "(! LANG: In 2007, the current generation of sports trucks was born - KamAZ-4326-9.
the truck is equipped with a Russian engine YAMZ-7E846 with a volume of 18.47 liters. On the stand 8-cylinder V-shaped
the turbodiesel develops an impressive 830 hp. power and 3500 Nm of torque. However,
Yaroslavl turbo monster is imperfect: firstly, it is gluttonous (in a race, the engine consumes more than 100 liters
diesel fuel for every 100 kilometers), secondly, it is massive (1400 kg), thirdly, it differs
a modest resource - before decommissioning the engine covers approximately 30 thousand racing kilometers.">!}
The rest of the mechanical stuffing of the trucks of the Kamaz-Master team is a prefabricated hodgepodge of domestic and
mechanisms - from the Belgian company Wabco). Tires - Race Proven Michelin 14.00 R20XZL.
Title \u003d "(! LANG: The rest of the mechanical stuffing of the trucks of the Kamaz-Master team is a composite hodgepodge of domestic and
imported units: clutch - English SACHS, gearbox - German 16-speed ZF,
transfer case - Austrian Steyr, cardan gear - Turkish Tirsan Kardan. If earlier
heavy KAMAZ bridges were installed, now racing trucks received Finnish Sisu bridges,
however, instead of standard disc brakes, domestic drum brakes are mounted (brake drive
mechanisms - from the Belgian company Wabco). Tires - Race Proven Michelin 14.00 R20XZL.">!}
By the way, the car of the seven-time Dakar winner Vladimir Chagin differs from the rest of the trucks
"Blue armada": if a "regular" racing "KamAZ" costs about 200 thousand euros, then the cost of a 900-strong
chaga car - 680 thousand euros! Where did this difference come from? Of all created by the team
This "Kamaz-Master" truck is the lightest and fastest: the maximum speed is 180
km / h, and acceleration to 100 km / h takes less than 10 seconds. But visually, Chagin's car differs only
small xenon headlights, as well as the cab pushed as far forward as possible.
What will happen next? Most recently, KAMAZ employees tested American Cummins engines, but so far
remains an uncompromising machine that churns out victories one after another.
Title \u003d "(! LANG: What will happen next? Not long ago, KAMAZ employees tested American Cummins engines, but so far
there is no alternative to the Yaroslavl engine. The team's engineers are also involved in reducing the weight of the trucks.
(now the cars weigh almost 9200 kg, although according to the Dakar regulations the weight can be 8500 kg) and
improved weight distribution (on the Chagin prototype, the proportion "fifty to fifty" was achieved).
However, the revision of current cars is an attempt to make the ideal out of the best: the sports "KamAZ"
remains an uncompromising machine that churns out victories one after another.">!}
Reference:
Cab - KamAZ, Russia
Engine - YaMZ (18.47 l, 830 HP, 3500 Nm), Russia
Clutch - SACHS, Germany
Gearbox - ZF (16 steps), Germany
Transfer Case - Steyr, Austria
Cardan drive - Tirsan Kardan, Turkey
Bridges - Sisu, Finland
Braking system - Wabco, Belgium
Shock absorbers - Reiger, Holland
Tires - Michelin (14.00 R20XZL), France
On November 8, the vehicles of the KAMAZ-master team set off on a long journey to the start of the Dakar-2016 rally-marathon. Before leaving, the team at the Tarlovka training ground was visited by the President of Tatarstan Rustam Minnikhanov, the general director of KAMAZ PJSC Sergey Kogogin, the deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Alfiya Kogogina, the mayor of Naberezhnye Chelny, Nail Magdeev, and the Deputy Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports of the Republic of Tatarstan Rustam Garifullin.
The head of the KAMAZ-master team, Vladimir Chagin, introduced the sports crews and team personnel to the guests, which will go to the main start of the season in South America. The President of Tatarstan was told about the preparation process for the rally. The technical director of the team, Vladimir Guba, demonstrated the components and assemblies of the cars that were improved in preparation for the race. Then Rustam Minnikhanov personally tested the racing car of Eduard Nikolaev and even made a spectacular long jump on one of the trampolines. Answering the journalists' questions, the President of Tatarstan said: "The handling of the car is good, it reacts quickly, better than any jeep, a very good car." Let us remind you that Rustam Minnikhanov at different times driving a sports "KAMAZ" brought the team six victories at prestigious international competitions.
In turn, the General Director of KAMAZ Sergey Kogogin wished all the participants good luck in the upcoming races. There are two of them, like last year: Africa Eco Flight and Dakar.
Immediately after the event, the crews headed to the French port of Le Havre, where the cars will undergo initial technical checks, will be loaded onto the ferry of the competition organizers and sent to South America. The ferry with the cars of the Dakar race participants will arrive in Buenos Aires by the end of December. Several KAMAZ-master employees will meet the vehicles on the other side of the Atlantic. The rest of the team members will fly to Argentina directly to the start of the marathon. The Dakar Rally starts on January 2 in Buenos Aires. The route runs through Argentina and Bolivia. After a nearly 9000 kilometer loop across the South American continent, the rally caravan finishes in Rosario, Argentina.
At the Dakar-2016, KAMAZ-master will exhibit a composition of four "combat" crews:
№500 Ayrat Mardeev - Aydar Belyaev - Dmitry Svistunov.
No. 502 Eduard Nikolaev - Evgeny Yakovlev - Vladimir Rybakov.
№504 Andrey Karginov - Andrey Mokeev - Igor Leonov.
№508 Dmitry Sotnikov - Igor Devyatkin - Ruslan Akhmadeev.
Traditionally, an uncompromising struggle is expected for leadership in the truck category. The main rivals of the Russian KAMAZ-master team - IVECO, MAN, RENAULT, GINAF, TATRA, MAZ, LIAZ mobilized all resources for the race.
Rally "Africa Eco Race" - another race in which KAMAZ-master will take part - starts on December 27, 2015 and finishes on January 10 at Pink Lake in Dakar (Senegal). It will be attended by 2 crews piloted by Anton Shibalov and Sergey Kupriyanov. Sergey Kupriyanov's truck, like last year, will run on gas-diesel fuel.
Quotes
Rustam Minnikhanov, President of the Republic of Tatarstan:
"The handling is good, it reacts quickly, better than any jeep, a very good car."
Sergey Kogogin, General Director of KAMAZ PTC:
“The main thing is not to frighten off luck! The nature of the race is changing. This year there will be little sand, which turns the rally, as the athletes joke, into a tram race. In addition, the crews will be required to show incredible physical capabilities, because half of the race will take place in the highlands. Passes at an altitude of 4,700 meters are already quite unusual for the physical capabilities of the riders. Every year the organizers come up with everything new and new. I think our athletes will be able to please us. "
Alfiya Kogogina, Deputy of the State Duma:
“A huge army of fans of the Blue Armada in Russia and especially in the Republic of Tatarstan, during the New Year holidays, will closely follow the race that will unfold on the most difficult and dangerous sections of the off-road tracks in Africa and South America. I am sure that the KAMAZ team will show the highest professionalism, champion character and team cohesion, demonstrate the capabilities of domestic KAMAZ vehicles, and impose their own racing style on rivals. "
Vladimir Chagin, head of the KAMAZ-master team:
“As part of the regulations, we worked on the engine - we slightly increased the power and torque. In the suspension, the characteristics of the springs and shock absorbers have been changed. Suspension travel will be closely monitored this year. If last year a stroke of 330 millimeters was allowed, then this year only 300. It is 30 mm less, and this will have a very serious effect when driving off-road. The special feature of this year's race is the 5 days of mountain sections in Bolivia. Perhaps this part will be decisive for the whole outcome of the race. It is important how the crews adapt to the altitude, how the engines will behave in high altitude conditions with a lack of oxygen. And, of course, the brake system. It's one thing to climb a mountain, but you also have to go down. At the finish of the special stages, many probably saw that it was as if four bonfires were burning around the car - this was the heat from burning brake linings. There were cases when tires caught fire. But this year we have found some good brake pad material that will hopefully allow the brakes to perform more consistently. "
Thanks to the victories of KamAZ trucks at the Dakar, they have become recognizable in many countries of the world. In this article, we will talk about the technical characteristics of sports KamAZ trucks for the Dakar rally.
What cars are participating in Dakar?
Especially for the Dakar rally-raid, trucks are being brutally upgraded to withstand the tough races in the desert. The car must be strong so as not to fall apart from the next jump from the springboard and hardy to pass 500-700 kilometers a day on the sultry sands of the "Dakar". All repairs are carried out on their own, because of this, the crew of the combat vehicle includes, in addition to the driver and navigator, a mechanic.Let's analyze the technical device KamAZ "4911-EXTREME", which is the prototype of the racing car for the Dakar. The engine is a unit of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant, which is equipped with two turbochargers and a cooling system for the supplied air. The maximum power is 730 hp. and the "unreal" 2700 "newtons" of torque.
Those who think that such technical parameters of the engine are needed for maximum speed are mistaken. Indeed, in the Dakar rally-raids, the maximum speed of the participating cars is of little importance, and in some sections it is completely limited to 150 km / h. The most important thing is the torque needed to overcome quicksand so that the car does not get stuck in them.
Another interesting feature of KamAZ "4911-EXTREME" is that the body is rigidly attached to the frame, and the seats are rigidly attached to the body. There is little comfort from such a solution, but this feature helps the pilot to feel all the nuances of the race car's behavior and, accordingly, quickly respond to any changes. In addition, racing cars are distinguished by the presence of additional headlights, sports seats, and the presence of an electric winch.
Currently, the KamAZ-Master team uses the prototype KAMAZ 4326 (4x4), which participates in the Dakar rally-raids to this day.
The reason for the creation of KAMAZ 4326 was the next change in the requirements from the FIA, which made it possible to make a sports car based on serial components and assemblies. is he has an eight-cylinder 830 hp engine. The engine has been moved 400 mm and the cab has been moved 200 mm towards the rear axle. This made it possible to improve the "weight distribution" of the truck.
By reducing the front overhang, the geometric flotation has improved. The car's ride has become smoother due to the modernization of the suspension, in particular the use of new shock absorbers. The weight of the truck was reduced, although it was not possible to reach the permitted minimum limit of 8.5 tons.
In addition to the main racing KamAZ, there is a "technical", the purpose of which is to help the main car. There are various spare parts and spare sets of tires in its body. It is the “technicians” and mechanics who make the invisible front of the robots, thanks to which the KamAZ-Master team wins from year to year.